Astringency is characterized by constriction, drawing together, or drying.

Bitter is disagreeable and stimulating rejection, and a strong taste often associated with black coffee, dark chocolate, and most salad greens.

Pungency is characterized by irritation, or sharp, spicy foods that irritate the mouth such as black pepper.

Salty refers to anything with salt, or high mineral content.

Sour refers to anything fermented or acidic.

Sweet refers to anything builds tissue, including macronutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins and fats.